19届英语考研4（1/1）

Text 4

Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It’s easy to beat pstic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Enviro Day – eng you, the er, to s out your single-use pstic staples like straws and cutlery to bat the pstics crisis.

阿诺德·施瓦辛格、迪亚·米尔扎和阿德里安·格兰尼有一条信息传递给你：战胜塑料(污染)很简单。(36)他们与一众明星一起主演了一部为世界环境日拍摄的新短片——鼓励你(消费者)换掉一次性塑料制品，以对抗塑料危机。

The key messages that have been put together for World Enviro Day do include a call fovers to enact legistion to curb single-use pstics. But the message is directed at individuals.

为世界环境日汇集的关键信息的确包括呼吁各政府立法限制一次性塑料制品。但核心信息是针对个人的。

My with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what o be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting pstic straws, for example, will aplish little and require very little of us. They could everimental, satisfying a o have “done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective as – a kind of “moral lising” that alys our s and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.

然而，对于将对抗塑料危机这一重任交给个人这一做法，我担心的是人们对需要实现的目标认识有限。比如，携带自己的购物袋去杂货店买东西或者不再使用塑料吸管，就这些做法本身而言成效不大，并且对人们的要求很低。这些做法甚至可能是有害的，因为它们满足了“我们已经尽了本分”的需要，使我们在任何时候都不必再采取更宏大、更果敢以及更有效的行动——一种“道德许可”，它减少我们的担忧，阻止我们采取更多行动，也阻止我们向那些责任人提出更多的要求。

While the versation around our enviro and our responsibility toward it remaiered on shopping bags and straws, we’re ign the bance of power that implies that as “ers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold overs and industries to at to push for real systemic ge.

当围绕“我们的环境和我们对环境的责任”的讨论仍然聚焦于购物袋和吸管时，我们就一直在忽视权力的平衡，这一权力暗示我们作为“消费者”必须以可持续的方式购物，而不是以“公民”身份去要求我们的政府和产业承担责任以推动真正的系统性变革。

It’s important to aowledge that the enviro isn’t everyone’s priority – or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be. Iest book, Why Good People Do Bad Enviroal Things, Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively ge the behavior e numbers of people is for the ge to be structural.

重要的是，要承认保护环境不是每个人，甚至不是大多数人的第一要务。我们不应该抱这样的希望。伊丽莎白·R.德松布尔在她的新书《为什么好人会做对环境有害的事》中主张，共同改变大众行为的最好方法是做出结构性改变。

This might mean implementing policy such as a pstic tax that adds a cost to enviroally problematic a, or banning single-use pstics altogether. India has just annou will “eliminate all single-use psti the try by 2022.” There are also iive-based ways of makier enviroal choices easier, such as ensuring recyg is at least as easy as trash disposal.

这可能意味着要实行一些政策，例如征收塑料税以增加破坏环境行为的成本，或者完全禁止一次性塑料制品。印度刚刚宣布，将“于2022年之前消除国内所有一次性塑料制品”0还有一些使人们更易做出利于环境的更好选择的激励式方法，比如确保回收利用至少和扔垃圾一样简单。

DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop g about the enviro. It’s just that individual as are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to ging widespread behavior.

德松布尔并不是说人们应该停止关心环境。她表示，只是个人行动过于缓慢，不足以成为改变普遍行为的唯一方法，甚至最主要的方法。

None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective a (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing fe.

这些并不是说要摒弃个人力量。只是要正确地看待事物。我们没有时间等待。我们需要推动变革的热心公民，还需要影响集体行动的进步政策。

36. Some celebrities star in a new video to____ .

一些明星主演新短片是为了_____。

A. demand new ws on the use of pstics

要求制定关于塑料制品使用的新法律

B. urge ers to cut the use of pstics

敦促消费者减少塑料制品的使用

vite public opinion oics crisis

征求公众对塑料危机的意见

D. disclose the causes of the pstics crisis

揭露塑料危机的起因

37. The author is ed that “moral lising” may_____ .

作者担心“道德许可”可能_____。

A. mislead us into doing worthless things

误导我们去做没有价值的事情

B. prevent us from making further efforts

阻止我们进一步努力

C. weaken our sense of aplishment

削弱我们的成就感

D. suppress our desire for success

抑制我们对成功的渴望

38. By pointing out our identity “citizens”, the author indicates that_____ .

通过指出我们的“公民”身份，作者暗示_____。

A. our focus should be shifted to unity welfare

我们的重点应该转向社区福利

B. our retionship with local industries is improving

我们与当地产业的关系正在改善

C. we have been actively exerg our civil rights

我们一直在积极行使公民权利

D. we should press overo lead the bat

我们应该敦促政府领导这场战斗

39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective ge should be_____ .

的松布尔认为，共同改变的最佳方法应该是_____。

A. a win-win arra

一种双赢的安排

B. a self-driven meism

一种自我激励的机制

C. a cost-effective approach

一种经济有效的方法

D. a top-down process

一个自上而下的过程

40. The author cludes that individual efforts_____ .

作者得出结论，个人的努力_____。

A. be too aggressive

可能过于激进

B. be too insistent

可能不太稳定

C. are far from suffit

远远不够

D. are far from rational

很不理性